Land Opportunity

The American West was seen as a place where there is fresh new chances and accomplishment for some individuals of various racial and money related foundations during the time between 1865 to 1890. Be that as it may, the degree of accomplishment from the open door fluctuated on different variables. For the homesteader, opportunity depended on great climate conditions and difficult work however for the most part just huge scope partnerships succeeded. Digging gave little to the normal digger; enormous mining ventures benefitted.. Sooner or later West was the place where there is fresh chances to succeed and simultaneously it was anything but a place where there is new chances at life for Native American Indians and Minorities.The Homestead Act of 1862 was one of the most critical and suffering occasions in the westbound extension of the United States. It gave 160 sections of land of western land to any individual who vowed to work the land for a long time. This urged numerous workers t o go to the United States and help settle the West. However, the land was excessively bone-dry for a homesteader to oversee 160 sections of land. Life was hard in the west in view of the brutal condition. They had dust storm and dry seasons, made inconceivable for ranchers to cultivate. Not many really made it work and figured out how to keep their homesteads.Opportunity was flighty for the normal individual, enterprises profited generally from the West (I. e. railways). At the point when the Transcontinental Railroad was done in 1869, railroad investors understood the open door for railroad abuse and afterward a railroad blast followed the financial recuperation in 1878. Extension of the railways brought exchange, pioneers, and towns. Mining likewise assumed a significant job during that timespan. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Zinc were exchanged with different nations which helped our nation’s economy.Ethnocentrism was the base of the issue for Native Americans and contribute d their destruction and their loss of land and employment. Indians were pushed off their local grounds onto reservations. Outsiders battled to arrive at equivalent work guidelines and pay as whites. Taking everything into account, sooner or later American West land helped develop United States economy. Railroad made it simpler for individuals to venture out and to exchange with different nations without any problem. Be that as it may, Homestead Act made it inconceivable for individuals to cultivate in view of the terrible soil.

The History of Carbon Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The History of Carbon Persuasive Essay I.IntroductionA.The History of CarbonII.Occurrences in NatureA.DiamondB.GraphiteC.Coal and CharcoalD.Amorphous CarbonIII.Carbon CompoundsA.InorganicB.OrganicIV.The Carbon CycleIV.ConclusionCarbon, a component found before history itself, is one of the mostabundant components known to mankind. It tends to be found in the sun, the stars,comets, and the airs of most planets. There are near ten millionknown carbon mixes, a huge number of which are crucial to the premise of lifeitself (WWW 1). Carbon happens in numerous structures in nature. Perhaps the most perfect structure is precious stone. Precious stone is the hardest substance known on earth. In spite of the fact that precious stones discovered innature are drab and straightforward, when joined with different components itscolor can go from pastels to dark. Precious stone is a poor channel of warmth andelectricity. Until 1955 the main wellsprings of precious stone were found in stores ofvolcanic starting point. From that point forward researchers have discovered approaches to make precious stone fromgraphite and other manufactured materials. Precious stones of genuine pearl quality are notmade thusly (Beggott 3-4). Graphite is another type of carbon. It happens as a mineral in nature, however itcan be made misleadingly from shapeless carbon. One of the fundamental uses forgraphite is for its greasing up characteristics. Another is for the lead in pencils. Graphite is utilized as a warmth safe material and a power conductor. Itis likewise utilized in atomic reactors as a lubricator (Kinoshita 119-127). Formless carbon is a profound dark powder that happens in nature as a segment ofcoal. It might be acquired falsely from practically any natural substance byheating the substance to high temperatures without air. Utilizing this method,coke is delivered from coal, and charcoal is created from wood. Amorphouscarbon is the most receptive type of carbon. Since undefined carbon burnseasily in air, it is utilized as an ignition fuel. The most significant uses foramorphous carbon are as a filler for elastic and as a dark shade in paint (WWW2). There are two sorts of carbon mixes. The first is inorganic. Inorganiccompounds are paired mixes of carbon with metals or metal carbides. Theyhave properties going from receptive and saltlike; found in metals such assodium, magnesium, and aluminum, to an inert and metallic, for example, titaniumand niobium (Beggott 4). Carbon mixes containing nonmetals are typically gases or fluids with lowboiling focuses. Carbon monoxide, a gas, is scentless, dull, and bland. It structures during the fragmented ignition of carbon (Kinoshita 215-223). It ishighly poisonous to creatures since it restrains the vehicle of oxygen in the bloodby hemoglobin (WWW 2). Carbon dioxide is a dry, practically scentless gas thatis shaped by the burning of carbon. It is an item that outcomes fromrespiration in most living life forms and is utilized by plants as a wellspring of carbon. Solidified carbon dioxide, known as dry ice, is utilized as a refrigerant. Fluorocarbons, for example, Freon, are utilized as refrigerants (Kinoshita 225-226). Natural mixes are those aggravates that happen in nature. The simplestorganic mixes comprise of just carbon and hydrogen, the hydrocarbons. Thestate of issue for natural mixes relies upon what number of carbons are containedin it. In the event that a compound has up to four carbons it is a gas, on the off chance that it has up to 20carbons it is a fluid, and on the off chance that it has in excess of 20 carbons it is a solid(Kinoshita 230-237). The carbon cycle is the arrangement of organic and concoction forms that makecarbon accessible to living things for use in tissue building and vitality release(Kinoshita 242). Every single living cell are made out of proteins comprising of carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in different mixes, and each living organismputs these components together as per its own hereditary code. To do this theorganism must have these accessible in unique mixes worked around carbon. .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .postImageUrl , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:visited , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:active { border:0!important; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:active , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover { darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucec752932d29 500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Religion is Unnecessary EssayThese uncommon mixes are created uniquely by plants, by the procedure ofphotosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a procedure where chlorophyll traps and usesenergy from the sun as light. Six particles of carbon dioxidecombine with six atoms of water to frame one atom of glucose (sugar). The glucose particle comprises of six molecules of carbon, twelve of hydrogen, andsix of oxygen. Six oxygen particles, comprising of two oxygen molecules each, arealso created and are released into the climate except if the plant needsenergy to live. All things considered, the oxygen joins with the glucose immediately,releasing six particles of carbon dioxide and six of water for every atom ofglucose (Beggott 25-32). The carbon cycle is then finished as the plantobtains the vitality that was put away by the glucose. The time span requiredto complete the cycle changes. In plants without a prompt requirement for energy,the compound procedures proceed in an assortment of ways. By decreasing the hydrogenand oxygen substance of the vast majority of the sugar atoms by one water particle andcombining them to frame enormous particles, plants produce substances, for example, starch,inulin , and fats and store them for sometime later. Whether or not thestored food is utilized later by the plan t or devoured by some other living being, themolecules will eventually be processed and oxidized, and carbon dioxide and waterwill be released. Different atoms of sugar experience a progression of chemicalchanges and are at long last joined with nitrogen mixes to shape proteinsubstances, which are then used to fabricate tissues (WWW 2). In spite of the fact that protein substances may go from creature to living being, eventuallythese too are oxidized and structure carbon dioxide and water as cells destroy andare separated, or as the life forms kick the bucket. In either case, another set oforganisms, running from organisms to the enormous foragers, utilize the waste items ortissues for food, processing and oxidizing the substances for vitality discharge (WWW1). At different occasions in the Earths history, some plant and creature tissues havebeen shielded by disintegration and sedimentation from the normal specialists ofdecomposition and changed over into substances, for example, peat, lignite, petroleum,and coal. The carbon cycle, briefly hindered thusly, iscompleted as powers are scorched, and carbon dioxide and water are again included tothe climate for reuse by living things, and the sun based vitality put away byphotosynthesis a long time prior is discharged (Kinoshita 273-275). Nearly everything around us today has some association with carbon or a carboncompound. Carbon is in each living being. Without carbon life would notexist as we probably am aware it. Works Cited1.Beggott, Jim Great Balls of CarbonNew Scientist, July 6, 19912.Kinoshita, Kim Carbon Compounds Random, New York 119-27519873.WWWCarbon http://www.usc.edu/chem/carbon.html19954.WWW Carbon Compounds http://www.harvard.edu/depts/chem/carbon.html1995Category: Science

Ethical Challenges and Agency Issues

At the point when an operator discovers that they are going overbudget or over the assigned time limit the most basic component is open correspondence. With open correspondence it gives the board progressively guidance ahead of time prior in the spending cycle to make changes that can recover the venture on target. The most significant component the board needs is sufficient time to make rectifications to keep the venture on financial plan and inside time requirements. The additional time the executives has the better their odds are of getting the best possible assets adjusted to recover the financial plan leveled out. In the event that the spending issues are because of the customer not appropriately keeping records, the organization could word the agreement in a manner that permits arrangements for modifications which would empower the office to frame a monetary or time goals with the customer. An agreement that takes into consideration those sorts of changes limits organization issues and will keep a superior working connection between the two gatherings. The principle issue is choosing what gathering is mindful or responsible for an overbudget venture. In the event that the office can exhibit why the financial plan is set for the customer and have the option to charge extra for the extra work the office could assign more assets to get the undertaking finished in time too. It is basic for the organization to have open correspondence between its colleagues, yet it is similarly as pivotal for the office to be straightforward with the customer also. The moral issue that emerges with being overbudget is that singular representatives don’t need to be punished or face repercussions for their presentation so they defer detailing results to the board. At the point when workers are reluctant to report shortages prior in the process it can prompt greater expenses and significant office issues. The sooner the specialist can show the customer that arranging or detailing issues are happening they can settle on indispensable choices to recover the task in line. Workers need to dispassionately consider others associated with their future with the organization and customer. For whatever length of time that people explain desires and apply morals to a circumstance it is conceivable to recover a venture on financial plan. The organization can assign more assets to a territory that needs more labor or cash to get the task finished as vowed to the customer. Official Pay Analyzing the moral difficulties just as any office issues in the Level of Executive Pay Case Study delivers shrouded issues in the New York Stock Exchange. To all the more likely dissect these issues one initially needs to ask oneself the accompanying inquiry, what is the genuine meaning of morals. Wheelwright characterized morals as â€Å"that part of theory which is the precise investigation of intelligent decision, of the guidelines of good and bad by which it is to be guided, and of the products toward which it might at last be coordinated. † Did Mr. Richard (Dick) Grasso abuse any moral norms set out by the association he was speaking to; did he truly disregard the orderly investigation of intelligent decision, of the principles of good and bad? So as to find a straight solution to this inquiry it will subordinate in which side of the fence one may end up in; on the off chance that you are on the fortunate ones that happens to win this preposterous aggregates of cash then the appropriate response would be no. Be that as it may, in the event that you wind up in the opposite side of the fence with the people who acquire a normal pay that could never get the chance to arrive at the degrees of privileged that Mr. Grasso arrived at then the appropriate response would be yes. The moral jobs on all organizations assume a major job on the dynamic of every undertaking. When Mr. Grasso was employed it was standard to repay high ranking representatives with these huge wholes of cash. High ranking representatives in the NYSE never needed to reveal their acquiring to general society or to the SEC previously so it’s difficult to state any moral gauges were twisted or even broken. This sort of pay to top NYSE authorities was standard and there were no genuine goals to deceive or delude people in general or the SEC. Because not every person in the NYSE approached conceivably acquire this absurd wholes of cash will show to the open that these people were legitimately engaged with exploitative conduct. All organizations in today’s business society have a set of principles actualized yet this doesn't implies that it is being followed. What organizations are doing is making rewards strategies so as to hold the administrations of these top business masters that would assist their business with maximizing their benefits and Mr. Grasso track record justified itself. These motivator projects can assist organizations with minimizing any unscrupulous endeavors to their set of accepted rules. The overall population and the SEC are shock in view of the abnormal remuneration top NYSE authorities gets however at no time during the contextual investigation it specifies that these high ranking representatives have a pay top. One accepts that since there were no compensation top on the amount NYSE authorities may acquire there are no moral ramifications that could demoralize NYSE official from making these huge wholes of cash. What one believes is that if there are built up sets of principles and representatives or the executives damages them, there ought to be exacting activities taken to keep the issue from declining. One accepts that all representatives including the executives needs to maintain the most significant level of moral lead if an organization needs to be effective. 1933, 1934, and SOX The money related data clients for the most part depend on assessment of free examiners to settle on significant monetary choices. To shield users’ enthusiasm from fake fiscal report, security demonstrations of 1933, 1934, and SOX participate to guarantee satisfactory data divulgence. The demonstrations give guideline that goes past and requires more broad exposure than GAAP to administer corporate money related exercises. For instance, organizations must fill evaluated yearly and unaudited interval fiscal summaries in similarity with guideline S-k. Furthermore, the guideline S-K oversees the reference exposure in the budget reports. Congress ordered the demonstrations after the financial exchange crash in 1929 to manage the exchanging of protections to general society. For this reasons, security exchanging organizations must enroll with SEC preceding issuance of security to guarantee that data introduced to speculator for settling on bookkeeping choices is right. In the fallout of the acclaimed corporate bookkeeping embarrassment (Enron) that rock the world market, congress sanctioned the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (sox) to reinforce corporate responsibility and administration of open organizations. The arrangement builds the CEO and reviewers duties. Chief and other top official must guarantee that organization budget report and different divulgences are decently introduced as per GAAP. At the end of the day, CEO is mindful to guarantee that material misquote doesn't exist in the fiscal summary introduced to the clients. SOX likewise approve the Public Company bookkeeping Oversight Board (PCAOB) to supervise the exercises of the enrolled bookkeeping firm. This progressions the manner in which inspectors plan, actualize and report the review. The arrangement builds punishments that could influence a bookkeeper who is include in the decimation, shift, or adulteration of records in government examinations. Any infringement of such might be liable to fines and detainment of as long as 20 years, extra preparing, new quality control technique, disavowal of firm’s enrollment, and banishing from taking part in review of open organizations.

Machiavellianism and Academic Achievement in First Year Psychology Students - Free Essay Example

Volunteering for your local sport association, school, church, political party, company or caretaking else is common in the Netherlands. Between 2012 and 2016, 50% of the population has participated in at least once in some form of volunteering within a year. 36% percent of these participants have performed voluntary work for less than one hour per week, 24% performed between 1 to 3 hours of voluntary work per week, and 30% performed 3 hours or more voluntary work per week. Also, percentages of volunteering are different with regard to education level. Volunteers with a more theoretical education level (62,3%) spend more time volunteering than people with a more practical education level (32,6%) (Schmeets Arends, 2017). Moreover, there seem to be gender differences in voluntary work. Women have higher percentages of volunteering in schools (15% for women, 8% for men) and caretaking (12% for women, 5% for men), while men have higher percentages of volunteering in sports associations (11% for women, 20% for men) (Arends Flà ¶the, 2016). These statistics show that people vary in their preference for volunteering. Investigating the different factors underlying volunteering could contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of volunteering. Volunteering in its essence is closely related to the psychological topic of altruism. Altruism is described in the literature as the form of motivational behaviour that does more good to the recipient than to the performer of the behaviour (Pilivian Charng, 1990). Many theories have been proposed to explain altruism in terms of behaviour, but were unable to empirically substantiate the theory. Examples of these theories are the empathy-specific punishment hypothesis (Batson et al., 1988), empathy-reward hypothesis (Meindl Lerner, 1983), and the negative-state relief model (Cialdini et al., 1987). The empathy-specific punishment hypothesis bases the motivated behaviour on the guilt or shame someone experiences that is learned in the past. In this regard, empathy is considered a selfish way of coping with the negative feelings. The empathy-reward hypothesis sees this from the other perspective. Instead of being conditioned to feel shame and guilt, the empathy-reward hypothesis focus es on praise and honour as the core of the motivational behaviour. The last hypothesis, the negative-state relief model, proposes that the motivational behaviour is to relief ourselves from the sadness experienced. Empathy is seen as the origin of the negative experiences, which is why we help others. Interestingly, these three theories have an egoistic point of view, yet seem unable to explain altruistic behaviour. Reason for this is that the theories lack an altruistic part that drives the motivational behaviour. Batson and Toi (1982) coined the empathy-altruism hypothesis. This hypothesis states that altruistic behaviour is exhibited as a result of empathy, while egoistic behaviour is exhibited as a result of personal distress. They tested the hypothesis by conducting a 2 x 2 experiment. The participants were sorted into the conditions: {low empathy, easy escape}, {high empathy, easy escape}, {low empathy, difficult escape}, and {high empathy, difficult escape}. Results showed that the high empathy condition showed on average more altruistic behaviour than the low empathy condition. The difficult condition showed on average also more empathy than the easy condition. These results confirmed the hypothesis and gave an explanation as to why people show altruistic or egoistic behaviour. So, according to the hypothesis for people to behave more altruistically, there needs to be at least two things present. First, the performer needs to feel empathy. Second, the escaping of the empathetic feeling is difficult to abolish. The behaviour of people have been linked to their personality traits. Goldberg (1990) coined the term The Big Five, which represent the five relatively stable and externalisable traits that apply to people. These five personality traits are called Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Studies have shown the relationship between personality traits and future behavioural outcomes (e.g. Neuroticism and emotional responses (Penley Tomaka, 2002), Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Mental health (Lamers, Westerhof, Kovà ¡cs, Bohlmeijer, 2012), and Conscientiousness and Study majors (Vedel, 2016)). With regard to Volunteering, Smith and Nelson (1975) found a positive relationship between Agreeableness and volunteering. The trait Agreeableness is characterised by flexibility, cooperativity, empathy, tolerance and graciousness (Viswesvaren Ones, 2000). People who are more agreeable are more empathetic, and in turn will be more in clined to perform altruistic behaviour than people who are less agreeable. Extraversion also yielded a small, but significant correlation on volunteering itself. There was also an interaction effect present in Agreeableness and Extraversion (Carlo, Okun, Knight, De Guzman, 2005). Extraverted people are more excitement-seeking, active, sociable, carefree, and humorous (Viswesvaren Ones, 2000). In general, they seek more contact with people, which is one of the essentials elements in for example volunteering. In sum, there is a positive relationship between altruistic motives and Agreeableness, Extraversion and the interaction of Agreeableness and Extraversion. These studies give better understanding into the type of people that generally volunteer more. But even if more agreeable people generally volunteer more, what motivates them to continue with it. Clary and Snyder (1999) found six motivations to volunteer (MTV) that are given for volunteerism. These MTV’s are Values, Understanding, Enhancement, Career, Social, Protective. The MTV of Values refers to intrinsic motivation that people find important. An example from the Volunteers Functions Inventory (VFI) would be ‘’I feel it is important to help others’’. The MTV of Understanding is to educate yourself to learn more about the world. An VFI example would be ‘’volunteering lets me learn through direct, hands-on experience’’. Enhancement is about the psychological development that one makes through volunteering. In the VFI it would be a question such as ‘’volunteering makes me feel better about myself’’. The MTV of Career is about the work experience that one gains through volunteering. ‘à ¢â‚¬â„¢volunteering can help me get my foot in the door at a place where I would like to work’’ would be a question from the VFI. There are differences in which MTV’s are more important to people (e.g. younger people find the Career MTV more important than older people (Okun Schultz, 2003)). Also, around two thirds of people have multiple MTV’s (e.g. Combination of Values and Enhancement). Although all MTV are equally important, more people give Values, Understanding and Enhancement as main MTV (Clary Snyder, 1999). There have already been a study that investigated the relationship between personality traits and the Values MTV (Carlo et al., 2005). However, little research has focused on the relationship between personality traits and other volunteering motivations. Therefore, this study will investigate the relationship between personality traits of the Big Five and the MTV of Career. This study will broaden on knowledge on the relationship between personality traits and the motivation to volunteer. As for societal use, gaining knowledge on how to utilize different MTV’s to let people exhibit more volunteering behaviour can help institutions such as sports associations, companies and political parties gain more volunteers. These institutions offer the possibility to gain experience on their specific field. Compared to the Values MTV, the Career MTV differs from Values with regard to the intrinsicality. For Value, the motivation to volunteer is to help others, whereas the intrinsic motivation to volunteer for Career is to gain more knowledge for oneself. Consequently, younger people will have more of a Career MTV and less of a Value MTV. Accordingly, A study from Okun Schultz (2010) showed that Career and Understanding motivations to volunteer decrease with age. So, younger people have more of a Career MTV because they have to gain more knowledge for themselves. Older people already have the knowledge, and are more influenced by their social environment in their MTV. If younger people generally opt toward a Career MTV, then these motivations can be traced back to their personalities. The same as with Agreeableness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Extraversion and the Value motivation to volunteer, the Career motivation to volunteer also has a pattern of personality traits. The vast predictor of volunteering is Agreeableness (Smith Nelson, 1975). In addition, Extraversion combined with Agreeableness has an interaction effect on the Value MTV (Carlo et al., 2005). Another personality trait that might have an relationship with the Career MTV is Conscientiousness. The trait Conscientiousness refers to the extent a person is dependable, thorough, responsible, efficient and perseverant (Viswesvaren Ones, 2000). The trait Conscientiousness has been linked to Job Performance (Barrick Mount, 1991) and Job Success (Smithikrai, 2007). Moreover, Conscientiousness has a small but significant relationship with Agreeableness and Extraversion (Costa, McCrae, Dye, 1991). So, since the Career MTV is based on the gain of knowledge to further within a company and the trait Conscientiousness is linked to success within a company, this study hypothesizes that Conscientiousness has a positive relationship with Career MTV. The rationale behind the hypothesis is that peopl e who are more conscientiousness, are also more work-oriented, and therefore generally will have more of a Career MTV. And based on previous literature, this study hypothesizes that Agreeableness and Extraversion have a positive relationship with Career MTV (Carlo et al., 2005). The study will focus its participants on students from 18 to 25 years old. The reason for this selection is because of the study from Okun Schultz (2010), who showed that younger people have more of a Career MTV, as compared to older people. After demographics (e.g. age, gender, volunteer or non-volunteer), the participants will be asked to fill in the Dutch version of the Big Five Inventory (Dennissen, Geenen, Van Aken, Gosling, Potter, 2008). After that, The Volunteers Function Inventory will be administered (Clary Snyder, 1999). A correlational analysis will be executed between the Big Five traits Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Career MTV. This study predicts that participants whom score high on Agreeableness will score high on Career MTV. Participants whom score high on Extraversion will score high Career MTV. Participants whom score high on Conscientiousness will score high Career MTV. For future studies, the relationship between other MTV’s should be investigated. This would give insight into the approach for motivating people to volunteer. References Arends, J., Flà ¶the, L. (2015, May 7). Wie doet vrijwilligerswerk?. Retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2015/19/wie-doet-vrijwilligerswerk Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x Batson, C. D., Dyck, J. L., Brandt, J. R., Batson, J. G., Powell, A. L., McMaster, M. R., Griffitt, C. (1988). Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(1), 52-77. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.1.52 Carlo, G., Okun, M. A., Knight, G. P., De Guzman, M. R. (2005). The interplay of traits and motives on volunteering: Agreeableness, extraversion and prosocial value motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1293-1305. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.012 Cialdini, R. B., Schaller, M., Houlihan, D., Arps, K., Fultz, J., Beaman, A. L. (1987). Empathy-based helping: Is it selflessly or selfishly motivated? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(4), 749-758. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.749 Clary, E. G., Snyder, M. (1999). The motivations to volunteer. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(5), 156-159. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00037 Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., Dye, D. A. (1991). Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of the neo personality inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(9), 887-898. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90177-d Denissen, J. J., Geenen, R., Van Aken, M. A., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J. (2008). Development and Validation of a Dutch Translation of the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(2), 152-157. doi:10.1080/00223890701845229 Hogan, R., Johnson, J., Briggs, S. (1997). Agreeableness: a dimension of personality. In Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 795-824). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. Khalil, E. L. (2004). What is altruism? Journal of Economic Psychology, 25(1), 97-123. doi:10.1016/s0167-4870(03)00075-8 Lamers, S. M., Westerhof, G. J., Kovà ¡cs, V., Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2012). Differential relationships in the association of the big five personality traits with positive mental health and psychopathology. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(5), 517-524. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.012 Meindl, J. R., Lerner, M. J. (1983). The heroic motive: Some experimental demonstrations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(1), 1-20. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90002-1 Okun, M. A., Schultz, A. (2003). Age and motives for volunteering: Testing hypotheses derived from socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 18(2), 231-239. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.231 Penley, J. A., Tomaka, J. (2002). Associations among the big five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(7), 1215-1228. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00087-3 Piliavin, J. A., Charng, H. (1990). Altruism: A review of recent theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 16(1), 27-65. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.000331 Schmeets, H., Arends, J. (2017, March 10). Vrijwilligerswerk: wie doet het?. Retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2016/10/bijna-een-op-de-twee-nederlanders-doet-vrijwilligerswerk Schroeder, D. A., Dovidio, J. F., Sibicky, M. E., Matthews, L. L., Allen, J. L. (1988). Empathic concern and helping behavior: Egoism or altruism? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24(4), 333-353. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(88)90024-8 Smith, B. M., Nelson, L. D. (1975). Personality correlates of helping behavior. Psychological Reports, 37(1), 307-310. doi:10.2466/pr0.1975.37.1.307 Smithikrai, C. (2007). Personality traits and job success: An investigation in a thai sample. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15(1), 134-138. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00372.x Vedel, A. (2016). Big five group differences between academic majors: A systematic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 523. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.332

Animal Abuse Summary - 762 Words

Every day in the United States animals are beaten, neglected, and forced to struggle for survival. They are left in horrible conditions, ones without any food and or water. Some are lucky, they are found and rescued, being given a chance to survive by being cared for in a shelter or even given a new home. But others, aren’t so lucky. We must fight for these animals’ rights and punish the heartless owners. Its up to us to speak up for these creatures who don’t have a voice. The first step, protecting them and creating effective laws. There are actually two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. Passive is acts as a result of neglect or lack of action. Even though it may seen less serious, but its not true.†¦show more content†¦Contrary to popular belief, volunteering doesnt require a lot of time; simply going in a few hours a week helps tremendously. Finally, by writing letters you can remind your local lawmakers that animal abuse is a real probl em that needs to be addressed. Taking a few minutes to support this worthy cause not only helps animals, it allows you to feel proud about standing up for something so important to society. It is our job to be the voice for creatures who cannot speak up for themselves. As a nation we need to make it our priority to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, â€Å"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that everShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty And Animal Abuse1572 Words   |  7 PagesContents I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. SUMMARY OF CSR NEWS 3 A. Nestle and the Beagles 4 B. Yakult and the Mice 4 C. Danone and the Piglets 4 III. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 China, US and the EU 5 A. Research Connections to Animal Cruelty and Abuse 6 B. Alternatives to Animal Testing 6 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7 V. REFERENCES 8 â€Æ' I. 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Kornak admitted to the above charges. According to the case summary completed by the office of research integrity, Kornak was charged with a lifetime debarment to â€Å"protect the public interest overall† this is due to â€Å"his longstanding pattern of criminal behavior and his total disregard for the safety and well-being of human subjects†. According to the New York Times article called â€Å"Abuses Endangered Veterans in Cancer Drug Experiment† quoted Jeffrey Fudin. He stated thatRead MoreEssay about The Psychology behind Keeping or Losing Parental Rights1124 Words   |  5 Pagesestablished strict time lines for children to be returned to their parents, or terminate parental rights so children could be adopted. In cases of sexual and chronic physical abuse, the ASFA authorized states to dispense with efforts to reunify the family and move directly to termination of parental rights (Myers, 2006, p. 102). 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The paraphilia that I choose to dicuss is transvestic fetishism which has two parts for the diagnosis they are a) over a period of at least 6 months, in a heterosexual male, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing and b) the fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or otherRead MoreAnimals Of All Kinds Have Been Known For Their Positive Impact On Humans1233 Words   |  5 PagesAnimals of all kinds have been known for their positive impact on humans. Animal-assisted Therapy (AAT) was first incorporated into the mental health institutions in the late eighteenth century to help increase socializations among the patients. As of today, a number of AAT programs have mainly targeted populations of patients with PTSD or those who have experienced trauma. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is classified as an anxiety disorder characterized by the common sy mptoms avoidance, intrusionRead MoreMore than Just Creatures that Coexist with Humans1475 Words   |  6 Pagesluxuries. Without them humanity cannot survive.† This goes for animals too. Animals are now much more than creatures we coexist with on Earth. They are companions within our homes and hearts. Any living species has rights. Just as you and I deserve respect, animals do also. When you think of animal farms, most of us resort to the image of animals and chickens on Old McDonald’s farm with a bright red barn in the background. However, animals have not always been in agriculture. In fact today, farming

Accounting Theory Small Renter Premises

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory for Small Renter Premises. Answer: It was in 1968 that a small rented premises in a car park in the Sydney suburb of Neutral Bay with a total capital of only AU$610, a new business was started. Initially, the business focused on installing and servicing car radios. The business began to grow and in 1969, it began moving to bigger premises.Dick opened Dick Smith Wholesale along with the car radio business. One after another they kept spreading their wings. The collapse of Dick Smith was a remarkable example in the history of retail sales business. Apart from other issues, there were various accounting issues which led to the collapse. The business which Dick Smith was into was highly volatile and competitive. It dealt in consumer electronics, which have very short shelf life. Consumer electronics include gadgets such as personal computers, laptops, IPods, televisions, sound systems, mobile phones and the like. The business of disposable consumer electronics is highly volatile and competitive. Low profit margins and dangerously less shelf life of the electronics are some of the key characteristics of this business (Dicksmith, 2015). However, the kind of scale at which they were operating, in order to maintain a variety range of products, they kept on piling inventories and thus, they ultimately carried huge inventories which were worth less, than that, at which they could sell it off (Chung, 2016). Another accounting method which Dick Smith adopted was to use the rebates and discounts offered by suppliers to over inflate their sales figures rather than using those rebates to offer discounts to customers and clearing the stocks. They did this with the intention of fabricating their cash flows. But given the low profit margins and high competition and ever piling stocks, the rebate- sales figure was also unable to help Dick Smith maintain the sustainable business that was needed for its survival. Whatever little profits Dick Smith was making initially was all reapplied for reckless expansion of its businesses (Chung, 2016). And thus, the business ate up all surpluses and the company was only over hauled with unsalable stocks. A stakeholder is any person or group of persons who get affected by the activities of a company. Stakeholders can be internal as well as external. Internal stakeholders are those within the entity such as employees, board of directors, managers etc. External stakeholders are they who are directly affected by the performance of the business are outside the entity, such as the creditors, investors, regulators etc (Melville, 2013). For dick smith, there were a number of stakeholders, some o f which are employees and staffs, the lenders or creditors to whom the company owes money. The historical staff underpayments kept piling and reached an amount of almost 2.1 million dollars (Chung, 2016). The lenders of dick smith were also not paid in full. They were only given part payment of the money due to them. And the difference was a significant shortfall. The management of Dick Smith wanted to mint money the easy way. Anchorage Capital Partners purchased dick smith from Woolworths for less than Australian dollar 100 million and floated it on the Australian stock exchange for 534 Australian dollars. This was the gravest mistake that Anchorage Capital Partners had done. They thought this would boost sales and they would be able to raise so much capital and sales. However, the opposite happened. The sales, shares price, good will, all went down. The competitors got an edge over, and made use of the weakness of the then company. The negative cash flows, poor sales, heavy discounts and stock redundancy, all of these were the causes of the fall of dick Smith. The management was over confident and were not visionaries. They had presumed the future of the company but their decisions turned out to be inconsistent and this led to the downfall of the company (Lemke, 2014). Electronics were very expensive in Australia and dick smith wanted to use this as an opportunity. It started a large scale sales business for electronics. Successful initially but gradually it began facing an issue it hadnt thought about- redundancy and obsolescence of goods (Lemke, 2014). A short term approach was something that hurt the continuity of the company. Another ideology which the company must have adopted was that it was continuously entering into the debt circle by servicing one debt with another. Inability to pay employees and creditors, its significantly reducing profits and gradually increasing losses are some of the parameters high had rung the alarm. The only focus of the management was to increase the cash flows. However, once the losses were beyond repair, they began to save whatever was left. For two continuous years, they kept on selling their goods at heavy discounts. However the damage had already been done and was not to be recovered in any way. The biggest mistake was to float the company at 5 times its purchase price on a stock exchange (Chung, 2016). The ides to float it at a higher price did not go well with the company and ultimately it faced a problem. The prices of the stocks fell considerably and disgustingly bad financials for the company was the result. The theory of continuity of business which is the penultimate goal and aim of every organization was missed by dick smith. This does not imply that they wanted the business to shut down. They very much wanted it to continue. What went wrong were their business decisions and actions were inconsistent with the continuity theory. The usefulness theory states that the financial statements should provide information which is useful to the stakeholders and any reader of the financial information (Horngren, 2013). The activities of the company were being recorded in the financial statements and reports of the company. The readers of this information were at the receiving end. It is difficult to believe that the company constantly kept furnishing fabricated statements and that if it did furnish all true information, the stakeholders who had put their money into the business failed to notice the same (William, 2010). So the theory of usefulness of financial information went for a toss. Fabric ation of the financial statements was the major problem and it was done to provide a rosy picture to the shareholders. This in tune kept attracting the shareholders and they were of the opinion that the company was performing effectively (Foye, 2016). The conceptual framework of accounting provides that accounting information should be relevant, reliable, comparable and consistent. Relevance in accounting refers to the quality of information to make a difference to a decision-maker. Reliability means that users of accounting information should be able to count on the accuracy of the information. Standard accounting rules and policies enhances the quality of information (Northington, 2011). Adhering to GAAP each year, following accounting principles and policies and keeping the financial comparable are the pre requisites. Accounting theories operate on four assumptions: the economic entity assumption, the going concern assumption, the monetary unit assumption and the periodicity assumption (Dicksmith Holding, 2015). These were also expected to be followed by Dick Smith. The very theory which was defined by the company was historical cost and matching principle. The matching principle states that the revenue and expenses should be m atching which was far from real for the company. The failure or the collapse of Dicksmith owes to various factors like the competitive nature of the consumer electronics that leads to changes in the pattern of the consumer demand. The store network was larger and hence a higher cost was seen and moreover, it has a strong reliance on the computer market (Foye, 2016). The market share declined because of the drop in sales and since revenue was linked to growth of the store and commercial sales it recorded low margins. Moreover, the expansion plan needed huge financial commitment and this led to utilization of all cash surplus. This needed bank borrowings. On the other hand, there was huge pile up of stocks that were obsolete and not active in nature needing a write-down (Foye, 2016). Theory is very different from practice. The theories which needed to be followed were all deviated from real. From not being able to follow matching principles to being able to follow continuity theory, the company was continuously deviating from all. In such a scenario it is difficult to set standards and compare where the very existence of the company became questionable because of the management (Crane Matten, 2010). There was no link that could be established between theory and practice. The failure of Dicksmith can be cited due to many reasons. The noteworthy among them are inability to get sufficient credit terms that influenced the stock levels, product mix and presentation of the store. Further, the cash flow pressure leads to banking problem that was not remedied. In totality it can be said that there were a string of events that led to a downfall. References Chung, F 2016, DICK Smith had too much crap that it couldnt sell, viewed 31 August 2016 https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/mcgrathnicol-releases-dick-smith-report/news-story/c2897a8cf8023b3f7490b7f16c2781c2 Crane, A., Matten, D 2010, Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the age of globalization, New York: Oxford University press Dicksmith 2015, Dicksmith profile. Viewed 31 August 2016 https://www.dicksmith.com.au/da/ Dicksmith Holding 2015. Dicksmith Holding Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 13 August 2016, https://www.dicksmith.com.au/da/ Foye, B 2016, Dick Smith collapse: what we know and what we don't, viewed 31 August 2016 https://www.crn.com.au/news/dick-smith-collapse-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-416269 Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Group. Lemke, L 2014, Regulation of Investment Advisers, Oxford University Press. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Northington, S 2011, Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's. William, L 2010, Practical Financial Management, South-Western College.

The Main Memory System for a Computer Essay Example

The Main Memory System for a Computer Essay Memory is an important component of any computer. A part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer, memory performs either of short-term or long-term storage functions. At a conceptual level, memory can either refer to the storage devices themselves (hard-drives, DVDs, etc) or to the data/information stored therein. The Random Access Memory (RAM) is the most important for the functioning of a computer, for it is essential for immediate and high-speed computing operations. But RAM has a limitation in terms of its capacity but the access time is very impressive. In contrast, secondary memory devices offer vast storage capacities for information with the trade-off being slow access time. Computer memory devices are mostly made of semiconductor circuits such as Integrated Circuits (ICs). The basic storage unit for semiconductor memory is called a cell which can store a unit of binary information (0 or 1). Cells are in turn part of memory words of lengths such as 1,2,4,8 so on. These words are characterized by two parameters – 1. their physical address within the device and 2. the data that they contain. The main memory of a computer can either be a volatile or non-volatile memory device. RAM is always a volatile memory and so is CPU cache. Whereas more static and long-term data are normally stored in non-volatile memory. Read Only Memory (ROM) and flash memory are good examples of non-volatile memory. Other examples include hard-disks, blu-ray optical discs, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Memory System for a Computer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Memory System for a Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Memory System for a Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order for a computer to function properly, the efficiency with which memory is managed is the key. The Operating System that is installed in the computer has sophisticated systems and procedures at place in dealing with memory. Each operating system (Windows, Linux, Mac, etc) works in its own fashion and has its share of pros and cons. If an Operating System (OS) is inefficient in managing memory it can lead to bugs, which can slow down the overall processing time of tasks. They can also lead to frequent overloads and crashes of user sessions. An inefficient memory management system will make the computer susceptible to malware and viruses as well. With respect to the Operating System’s handling of computer memory, Virtual Memory is part of the set-up. Various applications demand from the OS different memory requirements. The OS creates a virtual memory that dissociates the physical storage location of data from its conceptual processing. The ability of virtual memory to work across storage devices lends it flexibility and adaptability. As technology advances, the speed and capacity of memory devices also grow incrementally. Hence, these days even Personal Computers are enabled to handle complex and simultaneous processing requirements. Far from the primitive text-only basis of computer operations, modern computers play High Definition videos, high-integrity music and are also enabled to play multi-media streams through web-browsers. These impressive features are in large part enabled by vast memory capacity that functions at a rapid pace. But it should be kept in mind that memory in exclusion is of little value. What determines the real utility of memory is the ability of the Operating System and interfacing hardware to efficiently and optimally tap into its capacity. Reference: Arora, Ashok (2006). Foundations of Computer Science. Laxmi Publications. pp. 39–41. ISBN 8170089719 Memory is an important component of any computer. A part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer, memory performs either of short-term or long-term storage functions. At a conceptual level, memory can either refer to the storage devices themselves (hard-drives, DVDs, etc) or to the data/information stored therein. The Random Access Memory (RAM) is the most important for the functioning of a computer, for it is essential for immediate and high-speed computing operations. But RAM has a limitation in terms of its capacity but the access time is very impressive. In contrast, secondary memory devices offer vast storage capacities for information with the trade-off being slow access time. Computer memory devices are mostly made of semiconductor circuits such as Integrated Circuits (ICs). The basic storage unit for semiconductor memory is called a cell which can store a unit of binary information (0 or 1). Cells are in turn part of memory words of lengths such as .

Has Prime Minister Thaksin been good for Thailands informat essays

Has Prime Minister Thaksin been good for Thailands informat essays This report aims to show how good of Prime Minister Thaksin for Thailands information technology. Thaksin Shinawatra is a leader of Thai Rak Thai party. The Thai Rak Thai partys information technology policy sets out seven key elements to be developed with a commitment to reshaping the country into an electronic society. The first element is to develop basic infrastructure to boost the use of IT in the country as a whole. The government controled by Thaksin plans to stimulate the development of networking infrastructure such as fibre-optic cable, broadband communication and the Internet to facilitate widespread use among the population, giving them equal access to new technology and the Internet. The data from this analysis are based on government budgets on computer equipment. It requires future government budgets. The figure above shows the amount of government budgets on computer equipment over the last seven years. There was a significant increase in 2001, the first year of Prime Minister Thaksins government. The government planed to provide the budget to support the government officer and non government officer to buy the computer in special prices that are cheaper than regular prices. However, the budget in the period before Thaksins government and during Thaksins government was dramatrically different. In 2000, the budget was 1,725 million baht and increased to 3,300, 4180 and 3,909 million baht in 2001, 2002 and 2003 respectively. Finally they decreased to 2,361 million baht in the last year. The budget in 2000 is lower than the buget in 2001. It appears that Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has supported information technology significantly and Thailand is becoming to be the part of the information age. In my opinion, since the government planed to provide the budget, many technologies would develop in 2002 probably caused by the peak of the budget. ...

Information Infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Infrastructure - Essay Example The Internet is an amalgam of thousands of interconnected networks. Some of these networks are vast global networks like Worldcom (MCI) or Cable & Wireless while others are small local networks like a corporation. The individual networks that compose the Internet are commonly called autonomous systems (AS) and number roughly 12,000 active AS'S with 22,000 assigned and roughly 65,000 AS'S possible (Gao 2001). The task of trying to provide a minimum level of security for all these networks is a daunting effort, but one that has been increasingly highlighted as an economic imperative (Lakhina et a1 2002). The implication here is that despite its depiction by Internet engineers as an "amorphous cloud" (Kostas et al. 1998), has a definite physical structure and hierarchy. In the simplest sense, the Internet is a network - or, more accurately, a network of networks. The Internet is composed of a wide variety of small, medium and large networks that all interconnect to different degrees to give the seamless impression of one big machine to the end-user (Kostas et al. 1998). ... Kabay (2005) provides us with a rudimentary framework for the stated by highlighting the obvious importance of location, whether geographic or within the organization. As regards the geographic aspect, networks should be positioned in a safe neighbourhood, as in one which does not have a high breaking, entry and burglary incident rate, and which is, further, not position in a vulnerable accident area, as in near an airport or by a highway. The implication here is that the first step towards physical security lies in the geographic location of the entity's network system. Within the parameters of location, the second consideration is the location of the network/server within the organization itself. As Kabay (2005) contends, the network should be positioned for maximum security and, at the same time, easy access. Maximum security implies placement in low risk areas, as in areas which are not vulnerable to external or internal threats. At the same time, the identified maximum security area cannot be such that access to it is problematic (Kabay, 2005). Upon resolution of the location question, physical security issues need to resolved. As noted in the Little Black Book of Computer Security, under no circumstances should unauthorized personnel ever be given the opportunity to access the network, or ICT facilities. Most obviously, this means that employees should keep doors closed at all times and should an employee step out, he/she must make sure that he/she has closed the door behind him/her. Even though this may sound as an unnecessary statement of the obvious, the fact is that employees often forget this basic rule and, as a result, leave

CMC Midterm Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CMC Midterm - Article Example The benefit of having an online outlet is that one can vent one’s frustrations with certain social issues and so forth. The online factor is helpful because it shields one from the verbal barbs that might come with face-to-face parlance. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ No, I don’t think this has anything to do with gender. Just the format of these various sites did not appeal to me at all, and I don’t necessarily think it had anything to do with the gendering of the sites or not. SecondLife is very colorful and filled with a lot of images (especially of women) that use a lot of bright colors, while Twitter seems more geared towards men. Twitter’s homepage is blue, which many people typically associate with the male gender. Visuals include colors. For example, brighter colors are gendered towards women, since, in olden times women had to have better color vision than men in order to complete the task of food-gathering. Women are also appealed to by text-based cues like pretty or girly fonts, whilst men are appealed to by the usage of simple fonts and basic colors. I would say that the color blue most closely resonates with everyone, not just men. Blue is most peoples’ favorite color, and so it would make sense, for example, that Twitter’s homepage would use blue as its primary

Language Research Essay Example for Free

Language Research Essay It is true that Northrop Frye’s ideas about the way we speak and the function and levels of our language gives us something to think about and brings up the question of why different languages present such huge problems when there is a language barrier between those who are trying to communicate. Northrop demonstrates his own ideas about how to communicate better as he talks about language on a societal, individual and worldwide level. For those who have only spoken one language their entire life, to be presented with a new language can be thoroughly frustrating and confusing. One language can be so different from the other and trying to speak a new language can take a huge amount of time in studying the pronunciation of new words and trying to relay them to others with the same rhythm that they speak. A good example of the frustration and confusion of a language barrier, I witnessed in a shopping mall. The foreigner was trying so hard to get their message across to the sales clerk and only ended up leaving the store with disappointment. I noticed that the foreigner spoke slowly and tried to pronounce their words slowly and clearly as the sales associate just spoke in their usual manner and not putting any effort into speaking more slowly and clearly or even trying to use other, more simpler words which would have helped the foreigner, tremendously. Instead of opting to try other methods of communicating, the clerk only let the customer leave without hesitation. It seemed that the associate would rather lose money for the company, let the customer leave with frustration and avoid the entire incident, completely, rather than finding a better way to communicate. Another example of a racial language barrier, I witnessed at a gas station. This time the foreigner spoke loudly and quickly and the group in our immediate area only looked away or stared at the individual as if they were saying nothing at all. The foreigner this time, forgot to find a better way to communicate. I wondered if there was an emergency or a problem with this person that needed immediate attention from the people around, since they seemed desperate and frightened. There was not a single person in the area that spoke the same language as the person rambled on about something that we had no idea what they were speaking about. To me, this language barrier was extremely frustrating, as well and I felt bad that I couldn’t understand the message they were trying so hard to convey. They left the scene, without any help, just as the individual in the shopping mall who wasn’t able to communicate clearly enough and who didn’t have the proper listener who was willing to use a different method for communicating. In order to break the language barrier, it is so important that we learn to adapt to other cultures and become more patient and educated for different languages to be used and understood. Newcomers to a region are not always equipped with the proper language skills that they need to function properly in society and it is important for them to study the new language and practice for success in speaking the new language. They must learn to achieve goals by listening to people talk and adapting to the new speech. It will take patience and tolerance in learning the new language and with this in mind, they will become good speakers and will also be capable of learning to speak the language which will end the constant frustration and confusion.

Animals are Valuable in Behavioral Research :: Behavioral Research Essays

From the dawn of time, when the first human killed an animal for food, or drove it from a fruit patch so that he could eat instead, there has been competition with animals for basic resources. Likewise, over the ages, humans have contemplated their relationship with animals. Ancestral societies worshipped the animals they used recognizing that the lives they took fueled their own lives. Further introspection on humanity's place in the world resulted in the development of codes of morality and ethics and subsequently the first modern religions. While biblical views of animals are primarily those of utility rather than of moral value, early scholars argued that animals should be treated kindly because animal cruelty represented a flawed morality and was ultimately detrimental to the moral development of humans. This view that humans may ultimately be judged based on their treatment of other lives exists to this day, and for many, is a strong argument for stewardship toward animals. Interestingly, advances in biology that began in the 1800's have provided some of the strongest arguments for imbuing animals with an enhanced moral value. By recognizing that the nervous systems of all vertebrate animals are very similar, it is assumed that activities that will cause a human pain or distress will likewise cause pain or distress to other animals. It is for this reason that current animal use regulations require the use of analgesics, anesthetics and sedatives for any procedures on animals that may cause more than momentary pain or distress. Animal experimentation is an essential component of biomedical and behavioral research, a critical part of efforts to prevent, cure, and treat a vast range of ailments. As in the past, investigators are using animals to learn about the most widespread diseases of the age, including heart disease and cancer, as well as to gain basic knowledge in genetics, physiology, and other life sciences. Animals are also needed to combat new diseases, of which AIDS is currently the most prominent example. As Miller (1985) pointed out in a trenchant defense of animal research in psychology, behavioral research on animals has laid the foundation for breakthroughs in the treatment of drug addiction, anxiety disorders, phobias, urinary incontinence, and ruminative vomiting. At the same time, behavioral researchers are drawing on animal studies to learn more about such major causes of human suffering as mental illness, and senility. Teaching machines and programmed learning have evolved out of experimental work on animals (Skinner, 1958) and are being used to increase the efficiency of instruction by the armed forces and by industry.

And the Earth Did not Devour Him by Tomas Rivera

As a nation of immigrants, American history cannot be written exclusively in a single perspective particularly of the dominant ethnic group. A comprehensive depiction of our history requires the inclusion and accommodation of the experience of every member of modern American society.Tomas Rivera’s â€Å"And the earth did not devour him†, is a literary piece that provides an supplemental presentation of the US history in the perspective a beleaguered group of Mexican farmers albeit obliquely creating the impression that the US government and its business capitalist partners are the oppressors.The story was set sometime between the 1940’s and 1950’s during which many Mexicans came to the US to work as farmers under the Bracero (manual labor) Program.This program which was instituted by both the Mexican and US government to cover the need for workers lost during the previous world wars, became a channel for the exploitation and social discrimination of the te mporary manpower imported from Mexico instead of providing for the fair treatment of Mexicans workers in the US.   Many transient Mexican workers (braceros) illegally entered the US instead of returning to Mexico after the expiration of their work contracts.This prompted the US government to deport over 3 million Mexican migrants without proper regard to their individual rights, without effectively differentiating legal   and illegal migrants and without due consideration to the disintegration of family relations.  In a series of different stories often with unnamed characters, Tomas Rivera’s novel generally captures the struggles and challenges in the lives of Latino migrant workers in their employment in America.The Struggle of the Mexican AmericanMexico leads in the Latino immigration to the U.S. The sharp rise of illegal immigrants from Mexico especially with the Braceros program created political tensions between the US and Mexico. History would almost always recou nt the illegal immigration of Mexican farmers by reporting the series of steps used by the US government in combating illegal immigration.For example, aside from the massive deportation of illegal Mexican immigrants (i.e. Operation Wetback) initiated by the Eisenhower administration, the US government instigated a U.S.-Mexico free trade agreement with the objective of generating jobs in Mexico in order to prevent, discourage and decrease the pour of Mexican workers illegally entering the US soil.Strict laws that called for tighter restrictions on legal and illegal immigration to regulate the U.S.-Mexico border were implemented.Later on, many American states adopted the English only policy which delegates English as the exclusive official language. The standardization of language was accordingly intended to warrant the integration of Mexican immigrants in the American community. (Stacy, p 609-613)This example of historical account along with similar and related events tends to reduce the incidence of immigrant farm workers in the United States in American history as a mere issue of illegal immigration without due consideration and recognition to the unique experience and socio-political circumstances of Mexican migrant workers in South Texas.By recording the lives and recounting the traditional trails of an immigrant population, the novel produces in an artistic yet authentic literary piece the spiritual history of a people thereby providing them a distinct cultural voice.In light of their family’s struggle to become part of America,   Ã‚  the protagonist in the novel undergoes intimate and spiritual moments of resolving one's identity, family and society beyond the sheer politics of defying the dominant culture. In one instance, he even questioned God‘s wisdom in their plight.â€Å"God could not care less about the poor. Tell me, why must we live here like this? What have we done to deserve this? You’re so good and yet you have to suffer so much† (Rivera, p 189)The stories in the novel practically served to support and confirmed the hardships and brutalities that the immigrant Mexican farmers faced at work. In the story, â€Å"That It Hurts†, one boy was expelled from school because he was Mexican.In another terrifying story, â€Å"The Children Couldn't Wait†, a boy was killed because he couldn’t comply with the boss’s insistence that the workers should wait to drink water, a privilege freely endowed to cattle but not to the Mexican workers.   The farmers bear long hours of intense work, modest food and deficient accommodations in their camps for a meager pay.The children needed to join their parents in working in the fields to improve family earnings at the expense of not being able to attend school.   Ã‚  Younger children incapable to work were left to fend for themselves which made them vulnerable to poor health conditions and other environmental risks.While the predicament of the Mexican migrant workers is comparable to the slavery of the blacks earlier on in the history of America, the novel depicts a young man’s struggle for self identification which ended with a reaffirmation of his bicultural predisposition as well as his patrimony and allegiance with America. The novel did not necessarily represent resentment against the Anglo culture and resistance.Thus, people should reconsider the maltreatment of immigrant workers and the discrimination of ethnic minorities in general. For instance, the novel did not directly criticize the Anglo culture but only uses it for comparative discussion of differences aimed to create a sense of pride and community among the oppressed Mexicans.In the anecdote entitled â€Å"The Night before Christmas†, the Mexican mother tells her children that, â€Å"In Mexico, it’s not Santa clause who bring the gifts, but the three wise men. And they don’t come in the sixth of January, that’s the real date†.(Rivera, p130) In this example, the novel is not directly criticizing American culture but is   surreptitiously protesting against a social imposition of the dominant culture that utterly disregards the religious beliefs of Mexicans.

Cost Of Capital And Equity Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 959 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? A firm or a business can source its capital either by raising debt or through equity. The composition in which the firm finances its assets through debt or equity forms the Capital Structure of a firm. Therefore , when we talk about a companys capital structure we are basically talking about how a company has set up its financing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cost Of Capital And Equity Example For Free" essay for you Create order This can be seen at the right side of the balance sheet of a company. A company can finance itself by borrowing money i.e. through debt or through equity i.e. ownership of one or more than one owners and many of owners in case of a public company. Definition: A mix of a companys long-termÂÂ  debt, specific short-term debt, common equity and preferred equity. The capital structure isÂÂ  how a firm finances its overall operations and growth byÂÂ  using different sources of funds. The capital structure also tells us how risky a company is, as generally a company which is financed by debt extensively tends to be more risky. Thus, a firms capital structure is then the composition or structure of its liabilities. For example, a firm that sells $30 billion in equity and $70 billion in debt is said to be 30% equity-financed and 70% debt-financed. The firms ratio of debt to total financing, 70% in this example, is referred Figure showing Capital Structure of a company to as the firms leverage. In reality, capital structure may be highly complex and include tens of sources. Gearing Ratio is the proportion of the capital employed of the firm which come from outside of the business finance, e.g. by taking a short term loan etc. ASSUMPTIONS There is no income tax, corporate or personal. The firm pursues a policy of paying all of its earnings as dividends ie 100% dividend payout ratio is assumed Investors have identical subjective probability distributions of operating income(earnings before income and taxes) for each company The operating income is not expected to grow or decline over time A firm can change its capital structure almost instantaneously without incurring transaction costs. The reasons for taking the above mentioned assumptions are to remove the influence of taxation, dividend policy, varying perceptions about risk, growth and market imperfections so that the influence of financial leverage on cost of capital can be understood with more clarity. DEBT FINANCE EQUITY FINANACE What is it? Money is borrowed from the bank or any other financial institution An investor buys stake in your business ex. shares Pros You retain complete ownership of your business and the profits it generates. Interest payments are generally tax deductible. The investor shares the risk. If business fails, theres no need to pay back to the investor. There are no interest payments investors need to be paid a share of profits, which could be more than interest. Cons You have to pay interest on your borrowings. You have to repay the amount you borrowed, even if your growth plans dont come off. In most cases, youll need to offer security for your loan, so this option is difficult if you dont have assets. You share ownership of your business so if its successful, a share of that success goes to someone else. You lose control of your business. An investor may ask to sit on the board and take part in decision marking. Depending on the option you choose, your investor may take a share of profits. COST OF DEBT, COST OF EQUITY AND AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL Assuming that the debt is perpetual, rD represents the cost of debt. rD = I / D = Annual interest charges / Market value of debt When the dividend payout ratio is 100% and earnings constant, rE represents cost of equity rE = P / E = Equity earnings / Market value of equity rA is the overall capitalization rate of the firm. rA = O / V = Operating income / Market value of firm where V = D + E Since rA is the weighted average cost of capital, it can also be expressed as: rA = rDD / (D + E) + rEE / (D + E) NET INCOME APPROACH According to this approach, the cost of debt, rD, and the cost of equity, rE, remain unchanged when D / E varies. The constancy of rD and rE with respect to D / E means that rA declines as D / E increases. This happens because when D / E increases, rD, which is lower than rE, receives a higher weight in the calculation of rA. NET OPERATING INCOME APPROACH According to the net operating income approach, the overall capitalisation rate and the cost of debt remain constant for all degrees of leverage. Hence rA and rD will be constant for all degrees of leverage. Hence cost of equity can be expressed as: rE = rA + (rA rD) (D / E) The critical premise of this approach is that the market capitalises the firm as a whole at a discount rate which is independent of the firms debt-equity ratio. As a consequence, the division between debt and equity is irrelevant. An increase in the use of debt funds which are apparently cheaper is offset by an increase in the equity capitalisation rate. This happens because investors seek higher compensation as they are exposed to greater risk arising from increase in the degree of leverage. They raise the capitalisation rate rE, as the degree of leverage increases. David Durand has advocated that the market value of a firm depends on it net operating income and business risk. The change in the degree of leverage employed by a firm cannot change these underlying factors. It merely changes the distribution of income and risk between debt and equity without affecting the total income and risk which influence the market value of the firm. Hence the degree of leverage per se cannot influence the market value of the firm.