Land Opportunity

The American West was seen as a place where there is fresh new chances and accomplishment for some individuals of various racial and money related foundations during the time between 1865 to 1890. Be that as it may, the degree of accomplishment from the open door fluctuated on different variables. For the homesteader, opportunity depended on great climate conditions and difficult work however for the most part just huge scope partnerships succeeded. Digging gave little to the normal digger; enormous mining ventures benefitted.. Sooner or later West was the place where there is fresh chances to succeed and simultaneously it was anything but a place where there is new chances at life for Native American Indians and Minorities.The Homestead Act of 1862 was one of the most critical and suffering occasions in the westbound extension of the United States. It gave 160 sections of land of western land to any individual who vowed to work the land for a long time. This urged numerous workers t o go to the United States and help settle the West. However, the land was excessively bone-dry for a homesteader to oversee 160 sections of land. Life was hard in the west in view of the brutal condition. They had dust storm and dry seasons, made inconceivable for ranchers to cultivate. Not many really made it work and figured out how to keep their homesteads.Opportunity was flighty for the normal individual, enterprises profited generally from the West (I. e. railways). At the point when the Transcontinental Railroad was done in 1869, railroad investors understood the open door for railroad abuse and afterward a railroad blast followed the financial recuperation in 1878. Extension of the railways brought exchange, pioneers, and towns. Mining likewise assumed a significant job during that timespan. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Zinc were exchanged with different nations which helped our nation’s economy.Ethnocentrism was the base of the issue for Native Americans and contribute d their destruction and their loss of land and employment. Indians were pushed off their local grounds onto reservations. Outsiders battled to arrive at equivalent work guidelines and pay as whites. Taking everything into account, sooner or later American West land helped develop United States economy. Railroad made it simpler for individuals to venture out and to exchange with different nations without any problem. Be that as it may, Homestead Act made it inconceivable for individuals to cultivate in view of the terrible soil.

The History of Carbon Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The History of Carbon Persuasive Essay I.IntroductionA.The History of CarbonII.Occurrences in NatureA.DiamondB.GraphiteC.Coal and CharcoalD.Amorphous CarbonIII.Carbon CompoundsA.InorganicB.OrganicIV.The Carbon CycleIV.ConclusionCarbon, a component found before history itself, is one of the mostabundant components known to mankind. It tends to be found in the sun, the stars,comets, and the airs of most planets. There are near ten millionknown carbon mixes, a huge number of which are crucial to the premise of lifeitself (WWW 1). Carbon happens in numerous structures in nature. Perhaps the most perfect structure is precious stone. Precious stone is the hardest substance known on earth. In spite of the fact that precious stones discovered innature are drab and straightforward, when joined with different components itscolor can go from pastels to dark. Precious stone is a poor channel of warmth andelectricity. Until 1955 the main wellsprings of precious stone were found in stores ofvolcanic starting point. From that point forward researchers have discovered approaches to make precious stone fromgraphite and other manufactured materials. Precious stones of genuine pearl quality are notmade thusly (Beggott 3-4). Graphite is another type of carbon. It happens as a mineral in nature, however itcan be made misleadingly from shapeless carbon. One of the fundamental uses forgraphite is for its greasing up characteristics. Another is for the lead in pencils. Graphite is utilized as a warmth safe material and a power conductor. Itis likewise utilized in atomic reactors as a lubricator (Kinoshita 119-127). Formless carbon is a profound dark powder that happens in nature as a segment ofcoal. It might be acquired falsely from practically any natural substance byheating the substance to high temperatures without air. Utilizing this method,coke is delivered from coal, and charcoal is created from wood. Amorphouscarbon is the most receptive type of carbon. Since undefined carbon burnseasily in air, it is utilized as an ignition fuel. The most significant uses foramorphous carbon are as a filler for elastic and as a dark shade in paint (WWW2). There are two sorts of carbon mixes. The first is inorganic. Inorganiccompounds are paired mixes of carbon with metals or metal carbides. Theyhave properties going from receptive and saltlike; found in metals such assodium, magnesium, and aluminum, to an inert and metallic, for example, titaniumand niobium (Beggott 4). Carbon mixes containing nonmetals are typically gases or fluids with lowboiling focuses. Carbon monoxide, a gas, is scentless, dull, and bland. It structures during the fragmented ignition of carbon (Kinoshita 215-223). It ishighly poisonous to creatures since it restrains the vehicle of oxygen in the bloodby hemoglobin (WWW 2). Carbon dioxide is a dry, practically scentless gas thatis shaped by the burning of carbon. It is an item that outcomes fromrespiration in most living life forms and is utilized by plants as a wellspring of carbon. Solidified carbon dioxide, known as dry ice, is utilized as a refrigerant. Fluorocarbons, for example, Freon, are utilized as refrigerants (Kinoshita 225-226). Natural mixes are those aggravates that happen in nature. The simplestorganic mixes comprise of just carbon and hydrogen, the hydrocarbons. Thestate of issue for natural mixes relies upon what number of carbons are containedin it. In the event that a compound has up to four carbons it is a gas, on the off chance that it has up to 20carbons it is a fluid, and on the off chance that it has in excess of 20 carbons it is a solid(Kinoshita 230-237). The carbon cycle is the arrangement of organic and concoction forms that makecarbon accessible to living things for use in tissue building and vitality release(Kinoshita 242). Every single living cell are made out of proteins comprising of carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in different mixes, and each living organismputs these components together as per its own hereditary code. To do this theorganism must have these accessible in unique mixes worked around carbon. .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .postImageUrl , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:visited , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:active { border:0!important; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:active , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover { darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucec752932d29 500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Religion is Unnecessary EssayThese uncommon mixes are created uniquely by plants, by the procedure ofphotosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a procedure where chlorophyll traps and usesenergy from the sun as light. Six particles of carbon dioxidecombine with six atoms of water to frame one atom of glucose (sugar). The glucose particle comprises of six molecules of carbon, twelve of hydrogen, andsix of oxygen. Six oxygen particles, comprising of two oxygen molecules each, arealso created and are released into the climate except if the plant needsenergy to live. All things considered, the oxygen joins with the glucose immediately,releasing six particles of carbon dioxide and six of water for every atom ofglucose (Beggott 25-32). The carbon cycle is then finished as the plantobtains the vitality that was put away by the glucose. The time span requiredto complete the cycle changes. In plants without a prompt requirement for energy,the compound procedures proceed in an assortment of ways. By decreasing the hydrogenand oxygen substance of the vast majority of the sugar atoms by one water particle andcombining them to frame enormous particles, plants produce substances, for example, starch,inulin , and fats and store them for sometime later. Whether or not thestored food is utilized later by the plan t or devoured by some other living being, themolecules will eventually be processed and oxidized, and carbon dioxide and waterwill be released. Different atoms of sugar experience a progression of chemicalchanges and are at long last joined with nitrogen mixes to shape proteinsubstances, which are then used to fabricate tissues (WWW 2). In spite of the fact that protein substances may go from creature to living being, eventuallythese too are oxidized and structure carbon dioxide and water as cells destroy andare separated, or as the life forms kick the bucket. In either case, another set oforganisms, running from organisms to the enormous foragers, utilize the waste items ortissues for food, processing and oxidizing the substances for vitality discharge (WWW1). At different occasions in the Earths history, some plant and creature tissues havebeen shielded by disintegration and sedimentation from the normal specialists ofdecomposition and changed over into substances, for example, peat, lignite, petroleum,and coal. The carbon cycle, briefly hindered thusly, iscompleted as powers are scorched, and carbon dioxide and water are again included tothe climate for reuse by living things, and the sun based vitality put away byphotosynthesis a long time prior is discharged (Kinoshita 273-275). Nearly everything around us today has some association with carbon or a carboncompound. Carbon is in each living being. Without carbon life would notexist as we probably am aware it. Works Cited1.Beggott, Jim Great Balls of CarbonNew Scientist, July 6, 19912.Kinoshita, Kim Carbon Compounds Random, New York 119-27519873.WWWCarbon http://www.usc.edu/chem/carbon.html19954.WWW Carbon Compounds http://www.harvard.edu/depts/chem/carbon.html1995Category: Science

Ethical Challenges and Agency Issues

At the point when an operator discovers that they are going overbudget or over the assigned time limit the most basic component is open correspondence. With open correspondence it gives the board progressively guidance ahead of time prior in the spending cycle to make changes that can recover the venture on target. The most significant component the board needs is sufficient time to make rectifications to keep the venture on financial plan and inside time requirements. The additional time the executives has the better their odds are of getting the best possible assets adjusted to recover the financial plan leveled out. In the event that the spending issues are because of the customer not appropriately keeping records, the organization could word the agreement in a manner that permits arrangements for modifications which would empower the office to frame a monetary or time goals with the customer. An agreement that takes into consideration those sorts of changes limits organization issues and will keep a superior working connection between the two gatherings. The principle issue is choosing what gathering is mindful or responsible for an overbudget venture. In the event that the office can exhibit why the financial plan is set for the customer and have the option to charge extra for the extra work the office could assign more assets to get the undertaking finished in time too. It is basic for the organization to have open correspondence between its colleagues, yet it is similarly as pivotal for the office to be straightforward with the customer also. The moral issue that emerges with being overbudget is that singular representatives don’t need to be punished or face repercussions for their presentation so they defer detailing results to the board. At the point when workers are reluctant to report shortages prior in the process it can prompt greater expenses and significant office issues. The sooner the specialist can show the customer that arranging or detailing issues are happening they can settle on indispensable choices to recover the task in line. Workers need to dispassionately consider others associated with their future with the organization and customer. For whatever length of time that people explain desires and apply morals to a circumstance it is conceivable to recover a venture on financial plan. The organization can assign more assets to a territory that needs more labor or cash to get the task finished as vowed to the customer. Official Pay Analyzing the moral difficulties just as any office issues in the Level of Executive Pay Case Study delivers shrouded issues in the New York Stock Exchange. To all the more likely dissect these issues one initially needs to ask oneself the accompanying inquiry, what is the genuine meaning of morals. Wheelwright characterized morals as â€Å"that part of theory which is the precise investigation of intelligent decision, of the guidelines of good and bad by which it is to be guided, and of the products toward which it might at last be coordinated. † Did Mr. Richard (Dick) Grasso abuse any moral norms set out by the association he was speaking to; did he truly disregard the orderly investigation of intelligent decision, of the principles of good and bad? So as to find a straight solution to this inquiry it will subordinate in which side of the fence one may end up in; on the off chance that you are on the fortunate ones that happens to win this preposterous aggregates of cash then the appropriate response would be no. Be that as it may, in the event that you wind up in the opposite side of the fence with the people who acquire a normal pay that could never get the chance to arrive at the degrees of privileged that Mr. Grasso arrived at then the appropriate response would be yes. The moral jobs on all organizations assume a major job on the dynamic of every undertaking. When Mr. Grasso was employed it was standard to repay high ranking representatives with these huge wholes of cash. High ranking representatives in the NYSE never needed to reveal their acquiring to general society or to the SEC previously so it’s difficult to state any moral gauges were twisted or even broken. This sort of pay to top NYSE authorities was standard and there were no genuine goals to deceive or delude people in general or the SEC. Because not every person in the NYSE approached conceivably acquire this absurd wholes of cash will show to the open that these people were legitimately engaged with exploitative conduct. All organizations in today’s business society have a set of principles actualized yet this doesn't implies that it is being followed. What organizations are doing is making rewards strategies so as to hold the administrations of these top business masters that would assist their business with maximizing their benefits and Mr. Grasso track record justified itself. These motivator projects can assist organizations with minimizing any unscrupulous endeavors to their set of accepted rules. The overall population and the SEC are shock in view of the abnormal remuneration top NYSE authorities gets however at no time during the contextual investigation it specifies that these high ranking representatives have a pay top. One accepts that since there were no compensation top on the amount NYSE authorities may acquire there are no moral ramifications that could demoralize NYSE official from making these huge wholes of cash. What one believes is that if there are built up sets of principles and representatives or the executives damages them, there ought to be exacting activities taken to keep the issue from declining. One accepts that all representatives including the executives needs to maintain the most significant level of moral lead if an organization needs to be effective. 1933, 1934, and SOX The money related data clients for the most part depend on assessment of free examiners to settle on significant monetary choices. To shield users’ enthusiasm from fake fiscal report, security demonstrations of 1933, 1934, and SOX participate to guarantee satisfactory data divulgence. The demonstrations give guideline that goes past and requires more broad exposure than GAAP to administer corporate money related exercises. For instance, organizations must fill evaluated yearly and unaudited interval fiscal summaries in similarity with guideline S-k. Furthermore, the guideline S-K oversees the reference exposure in the budget reports. Congress ordered the demonstrations after the financial exchange crash in 1929 to manage the exchanging of protections to general society. For this reasons, security exchanging organizations must enroll with SEC preceding issuance of security to guarantee that data introduced to speculator for settling on bookkeeping choices is right. In the fallout of the acclaimed corporate bookkeeping embarrassment (Enron) that rock the world market, congress sanctioned the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (sox) to reinforce corporate responsibility and administration of open organizations. The arrangement builds the CEO and reviewers duties. Chief and other top official must guarantee that organization budget report and different divulgences are decently introduced as per GAAP. At the end of the day, CEO is mindful to guarantee that material misquote doesn't exist in the fiscal summary introduced to the clients. SOX likewise approve the Public Company bookkeeping Oversight Board (PCAOB) to supervise the exercises of the enrolled bookkeeping firm. This progressions the manner in which inspectors plan, actualize and report the review. The arrangement builds punishments that could influence a bookkeeper who is include in the decimation, shift, or adulteration of records in government examinations. Any infringement of such might be liable to fines and detainment of as long as 20 years, extra preparing, new quality control technique, disavowal of firm’s enrollment, and banishing from taking part in review of open organizations.

Machiavellianism and Academic Achievement in First Year Psychology Students - Free Essay Example

Volunteering for your local sport association, school, church, political party, company or caretaking else is common in the Netherlands. Between 2012 and 2016, 50% of the population has participated in at least once in some form of volunteering within a year. 36% percent of these participants have performed voluntary work for less than one hour per week, 24% performed between 1 to 3 hours of voluntary work per week, and 30% performed 3 hours or more voluntary work per week. Also, percentages of volunteering are different with regard to education level. Volunteers with a more theoretical education level (62,3%) spend more time volunteering than people with a more practical education level (32,6%) (Schmeets Arends, 2017). Moreover, there seem to be gender differences in voluntary work. Women have higher percentages of volunteering in schools (15% for women, 8% for men) and caretaking (12% for women, 5% for men), while men have higher percentages of volunteering in sports associations (11% for women, 20% for men) (Arends Flà ¶the, 2016). These statistics show that people vary in their preference for volunteering. Investigating the different factors underlying volunteering could contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of volunteering. Volunteering in its essence is closely related to the psychological topic of altruism. Altruism is described in the literature as the form of motivational behaviour that does more good to the recipient than to the performer of the behaviour (Pilivian Charng, 1990). Many theories have been proposed to explain altruism in terms of behaviour, but were unable to empirically substantiate the theory. Examples of these theories are the empathy-specific punishment hypothesis (Batson et al., 1988), empathy-reward hypothesis (Meindl Lerner, 1983), and the negative-state relief model (Cialdini et al., 1987). The empathy-specific punishment hypothesis bases the motivated behaviour on the guilt or shame someone experiences that is learned in the past. In this regard, empathy is considered a selfish way of coping with the negative feelings. The empathy-reward hypothesis sees this from the other perspective. Instead of being conditioned to feel shame and guilt, the empathy-reward hypothesis focus es on praise and honour as the core of the motivational behaviour. The last hypothesis, the negative-state relief model, proposes that the motivational behaviour is to relief ourselves from the sadness experienced. Empathy is seen as the origin of the negative experiences, which is why we help others. Interestingly, these three theories have an egoistic point of view, yet seem unable to explain altruistic behaviour. Reason for this is that the theories lack an altruistic part that drives the motivational behaviour. Batson and Toi (1982) coined the empathy-altruism hypothesis. This hypothesis states that altruistic behaviour is exhibited as a result of empathy, while egoistic behaviour is exhibited as a result of personal distress. They tested the hypothesis by conducting a 2 x 2 experiment. The participants were sorted into the conditions: {low empathy, easy escape}, {high empathy, easy escape}, {low empathy, difficult escape}, and {high empathy, difficult escape}. Results showed that the high empathy condition showed on average more altruistic behaviour than the low empathy condition. The difficult condition showed on average also more empathy than the easy condition. These results confirmed the hypothesis and gave an explanation as to why people show altruistic or egoistic behaviour. So, according to the hypothesis for people to behave more altruistically, there needs to be at least two things present. First, the performer needs to feel empathy. Second, the escaping of the empathetic feeling is difficult to abolish. The behaviour of people have been linked to their personality traits. Goldberg (1990) coined the term The Big Five, which represent the five relatively stable and externalisable traits that apply to people. These five personality traits are called Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Studies have shown the relationship between personality traits and future behavioural outcomes (e.g. Neuroticism and emotional responses (Penley Tomaka, 2002), Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Mental health (Lamers, Westerhof, Kovà ¡cs, Bohlmeijer, 2012), and Conscientiousness and Study majors (Vedel, 2016)). With regard to Volunteering, Smith and Nelson (1975) found a positive relationship between Agreeableness and volunteering. The trait Agreeableness is characterised by flexibility, cooperativity, empathy, tolerance and graciousness (Viswesvaren Ones, 2000). People who are more agreeable are more empathetic, and in turn will be more in clined to perform altruistic behaviour than people who are less agreeable. Extraversion also yielded a small, but significant correlation on volunteering itself. There was also an interaction effect present in Agreeableness and Extraversion (Carlo, Okun, Knight, De Guzman, 2005). Extraverted people are more excitement-seeking, active, sociable, carefree, and humorous (Viswesvaren Ones, 2000). In general, they seek more contact with people, which is one of the essentials elements in for example volunteering. In sum, there is a positive relationship between altruistic motives and Agreeableness, Extraversion and the interaction of Agreeableness and Extraversion. These studies give better understanding into the type of people that generally volunteer more. But even if more agreeable people generally volunteer more, what motivates them to continue with it. Clary and Snyder (1999) found six motivations to volunteer (MTV) that are given for volunteerism. These MTV’s are Values, Understanding, Enhancement, Career, Social, Protective. The MTV of Values refers to intrinsic motivation that people find important. An example from the Volunteers Functions Inventory (VFI) would be ‘’I feel it is important to help others’’. The MTV of Understanding is to educate yourself to learn more about the world. An VFI example would be ‘’volunteering lets me learn through direct, hands-on experience’’. Enhancement is about the psychological development that one makes through volunteering. In the VFI it would be a question such as ‘’volunteering makes me feel better about myself’’. The MTV of Career is about the work experience that one gains through volunteering. ‘à ¢â‚¬â„¢volunteering can help me get my foot in the door at a place where I would like to work’’ would be a question from the VFI. There are differences in which MTV’s are more important to people (e.g. younger people find the Career MTV more important than older people (Okun Schultz, 2003)). Also, around two thirds of people have multiple MTV’s (e.g. Combination of Values and Enhancement). Although all MTV are equally important, more people give Values, Understanding and Enhancement as main MTV (Clary Snyder, 1999). There have already been a study that investigated the relationship between personality traits and the Values MTV (Carlo et al., 2005). However, little research has focused on the relationship between personality traits and other volunteering motivations. Therefore, this study will investigate the relationship between personality traits of the Big Five and the MTV of Career. This study will broaden on knowledge on the relationship between personality traits and the motivation to volunteer. As for societal use, gaining knowledge on how to utilize different MTV’s to let people exhibit more volunteering behaviour can help institutions such as sports associations, companies and political parties gain more volunteers. These institutions offer the possibility to gain experience on their specific field. Compared to the Values MTV, the Career MTV differs from Values with regard to the intrinsicality. For Value, the motivation to volunteer is to help others, whereas the intrinsic motivation to volunteer for Career is to gain more knowledge for oneself. Consequently, younger people will have more of a Career MTV and less of a Value MTV. Accordingly, A study from Okun Schultz (2010) showed that Career and Understanding motivations to volunteer decrease with age. So, younger people have more of a Career MTV because they have to gain more knowledge for themselves. Older people already have the knowledge, and are more influenced by their social environment in their MTV. If younger people generally opt toward a Career MTV, then these motivations can be traced back to their personalities. The same as with Agreeableness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Extraversion and the Value motivation to volunteer, the Career motivation to volunteer also has a pattern of personality traits. The vast predictor of volunteering is Agreeableness (Smith Nelson, 1975). In addition, Extraversion combined with Agreeableness has an interaction effect on the Value MTV (Carlo et al., 2005). Another personality trait that might have an relationship with the Career MTV is Conscientiousness. The trait Conscientiousness refers to the extent a person is dependable, thorough, responsible, efficient and perseverant (Viswesvaren Ones, 2000). The trait Conscientiousness has been linked to Job Performance (Barrick Mount, 1991) and Job Success (Smithikrai, 2007). Moreover, Conscientiousness has a small but significant relationship with Agreeableness and Extraversion (Costa, McCrae, Dye, 1991). So, since the Career MTV is based on the gain of knowledge to further within a company and the trait Conscientiousness is linked to success within a company, this study hypothesizes that Conscientiousness has a positive relationship with Career MTV. The rationale behind the hypothesis is that peopl e who are more conscientiousness, are also more work-oriented, and therefore generally will have more of a Career MTV. And based on previous literature, this study hypothesizes that Agreeableness and Extraversion have a positive relationship with Career MTV (Carlo et al., 2005). The study will focus its participants on students from 18 to 25 years old. The reason for this selection is because of the study from Okun Schultz (2010), who showed that younger people have more of a Career MTV, as compared to older people. After demographics (e.g. age, gender, volunteer or non-volunteer), the participants will be asked to fill in the Dutch version of the Big Five Inventory (Dennissen, Geenen, Van Aken, Gosling, Potter, 2008). After that, The Volunteers Function Inventory will be administered (Clary Snyder, 1999). A correlational analysis will be executed between the Big Five traits Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Career MTV. This study predicts that participants whom score high on Agreeableness will score high on Career MTV. Participants whom score high on Extraversion will score high Career MTV. Participants whom score high on Conscientiousness will score high Career MTV. For future studies, the relationship between other MTV’s should be investigated. This would give insight into the approach for motivating people to volunteer. References Arends, J., Flà ¶the, L. (2015, May 7). Wie doet vrijwilligerswerk?. Retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2015/19/wie-doet-vrijwilligerswerk Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x Batson, C. D., Dyck, J. L., Brandt, J. R., Batson, J. G., Powell, A. L., McMaster, M. R., Griffitt, C. (1988). Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(1), 52-77. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.1.52 Carlo, G., Okun, M. A., Knight, G. P., De Guzman, M. R. (2005). The interplay of traits and motives on volunteering: Agreeableness, extraversion and prosocial value motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1293-1305. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.012 Cialdini, R. B., Schaller, M., Houlihan, D., Arps, K., Fultz, J., Beaman, A. L. (1987). Empathy-based helping: Is it selflessly or selfishly motivated? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(4), 749-758. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.749 Clary, E. G., Snyder, M. (1999). The motivations to volunteer. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(5), 156-159. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00037 Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., Dye, D. A. (1991). Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of the neo personality inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(9), 887-898. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90177-d Denissen, J. J., Geenen, R., Van Aken, M. A., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J. (2008). Development and Validation of a Dutch Translation of the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(2), 152-157. doi:10.1080/00223890701845229 Hogan, R., Johnson, J., Briggs, S. (1997). Agreeableness: a dimension of personality. In Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 795-824). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. Khalil, E. L. (2004). What is altruism? Journal of Economic Psychology, 25(1), 97-123. doi:10.1016/s0167-4870(03)00075-8 Lamers, S. M., Westerhof, G. J., Kovà ¡cs, V., Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2012). Differential relationships in the association of the big five personality traits with positive mental health and psychopathology. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(5), 517-524. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.012 Meindl, J. R., Lerner, M. J. (1983). The heroic motive: Some experimental demonstrations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(1), 1-20. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90002-1 Okun, M. A., Schultz, A. (2003). Age and motives for volunteering: Testing hypotheses derived from socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 18(2), 231-239. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.231 Penley, J. A., Tomaka, J. (2002). Associations among the big five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(7), 1215-1228. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00087-3 Piliavin, J. A., Charng, H. (1990). Altruism: A review of recent theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 16(1), 27-65. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.000331 Schmeets, H., Arends, J. (2017, March 10). Vrijwilligerswerk: wie doet het?. Retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2016/10/bijna-een-op-de-twee-nederlanders-doet-vrijwilligerswerk Schroeder, D. A., Dovidio, J. F., Sibicky, M. E., Matthews, L. L., Allen, J. L. (1988). Empathic concern and helping behavior: Egoism or altruism? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24(4), 333-353. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(88)90024-8 Smith, B. M., Nelson, L. D. (1975). Personality correlates of helping behavior. Psychological Reports, 37(1), 307-310. doi:10.2466/pr0.1975.37.1.307 Smithikrai, C. (2007). Personality traits and job success: An investigation in a thai sample. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15(1), 134-138. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00372.x Vedel, A. (2016). Big five group differences between academic majors: A systematic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 523. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.332

Animal Abuse Summary - 762 Words

Every day in the United States animals are beaten, neglected, and forced to struggle for survival. They are left in horrible conditions, ones without any food and or water. Some are lucky, they are found and rescued, being given a chance to survive by being cared for in a shelter or even given a new home. But others, aren’t so lucky. We must fight for these animals’ rights and punish the heartless owners. Its up to us to speak up for these creatures who don’t have a voice. The first step, protecting them and creating effective laws. There are actually two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. Passive is acts as a result of neglect or lack of action. Even though it may seen less serious, but its not true.†¦show more content†¦Contrary to popular belief, volunteering doesnt require a lot of time; simply going in a few hours a week helps tremendously. Finally, by writing letters you can remind your local lawmakers that animal abuse is a real probl em that needs to be addressed. Taking a few minutes to support this worthy cause not only helps animals, it allows you to feel proud about standing up for something so important to society. It is our job to be the voice for creatures who cannot speak up for themselves. As a nation we need to make it our priority to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, â€Å"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that everShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty And Animal Abuse1572 Words   |  7 PagesContents I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. SUMMARY OF CSR NEWS 3 A. Nestle and the Beagles 4 B. Yakult and the Mice 4 C. Danone and the Piglets 4 III. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 China, US and the EU 5 A. Research Connections to Animal Cruelty and Abuse 6 B. Alternatives to Animal Testing 6 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7 V. REFERENCES 8 â€Æ' I. 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The paraphilia that I choose to dicuss is transvestic fetishism which has two parts for the diagnosis they are a) over a period of at least 6 months, in a heterosexual male, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing and b) the fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or otherRead MoreAnimals Of All Kinds Have Been Known For Their Positive Impact On Humans1233 Words   |  5 PagesAnimals of all kinds have been known for their positive impact on humans. Animal-assisted Therapy (AAT) was first incorporated into the mental health institutions in the late eighteenth century to help increase socializations among the patients. As of today, a number of AAT programs have mainly targeted populations of patients with PTSD or those who have experienced trauma. 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Accounting Theory Small Renter Premises

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory for Small Renter Premises. Answer: It was in 1968 that a small rented premises in a car park in the Sydney suburb of Neutral Bay with a total capital of only AU$610, a new business was started. Initially, the business focused on installing and servicing car radios. The business began to grow and in 1969, it began moving to bigger premises.Dick opened Dick Smith Wholesale along with the car radio business. One after another they kept spreading their wings. The collapse of Dick Smith was a remarkable example in the history of retail sales business. Apart from other issues, there were various accounting issues which led to the collapse. The business which Dick Smith was into was highly volatile and competitive. It dealt in consumer electronics, which have very short shelf life. Consumer electronics include gadgets such as personal computers, laptops, IPods, televisions, sound systems, mobile phones and the like. The business of disposable consumer electronics is highly volatile and competitive. Low profit margins and dangerously less shelf life of the electronics are some of the key characteristics of this business (Dicksmith, 2015). However, the kind of scale at which they were operating, in order to maintain a variety range of products, they kept on piling inventories and thus, they ultimately carried huge inventories which were worth less, than that, at which they could sell it off (Chung, 2016). Another accounting method which Dick Smith adopted was to use the rebates and discounts offered by suppliers to over inflate their sales figures rather than using those rebates to offer discounts to customers and clearing the stocks. They did this with the intention of fabricating their cash flows. But given the low profit margins and high competition and ever piling stocks, the rebate- sales figure was also unable to help Dick Smith maintain the sustainable business that was needed for its survival. Whatever little profits Dick Smith was making initially was all reapplied for reckless expansion of its businesses (Chung, 2016). And thus, the business ate up all surpluses and the company was only over hauled with unsalable stocks. A stakeholder is any person or group of persons who get affected by the activities of a company. Stakeholders can be internal as well as external. Internal stakeholders are those within the entity such as employees, board of directors, managers etc. External stakeholders are they who are directly affected by the performance of the business are outside the entity, such as the creditors, investors, regulators etc (Melville, 2013). For dick smith, there were a number of stakeholders, some o f which are employees and staffs, the lenders or creditors to whom the company owes money. The historical staff underpayments kept piling and reached an amount of almost 2.1 million dollars (Chung, 2016). The lenders of dick smith were also not paid in full. They were only given part payment of the money due to them. And the difference was a significant shortfall. The management of Dick Smith wanted to mint money the easy way. Anchorage Capital Partners purchased dick smith from Woolworths for less than Australian dollar 100 million and floated it on the Australian stock exchange for 534 Australian dollars. This was the gravest mistake that Anchorage Capital Partners had done. They thought this would boost sales and they would be able to raise so much capital and sales. However, the opposite happened. The sales, shares price, good will, all went down. The competitors got an edge over, and made use of the weakness of the then company. The negative cash flows, poor sales, heavy discounts and stock redundancy, all of these were the causes of the fall of dick Smith. The management was over confident and were not visionaries. They had presumed the future of the company but their decisions turned out to be inconsistent and this led to the downfall of the company (Lemke, 2014). Electronics were very expensive in Australia and dick smith wanted to use this as an opportunity. It started a large scale sales business for electronics. Successful initially but gradually it began facing an issue it hadnt thought about- redundancy and obsolescence of goods (Lemke, 2014). A short term approach was something that hurt the continuity of the company. Another ideology which the company must have adopted was that it was continuously entering into the debt circle by servicing one debt with another. Inability to pay employees and creditors, its significantly reducing profits and gradually increasing losses are some of the parameters high had rung the alarm. The only focus of the management was to increase the cash flows. However, once the losses were beyond repair, they began to save whatever was left. For two continuous years, they kept on selling their goods at heavy discounts. However the damage had already been done and was not to be recovered in any way. The biggest mistake was to float the company at 5 times its purchase price on a stock exchange (Chung, 2016). The ides to float it at a higher price did not go well with the company and ultimately it faced a problem. The prices of the stocks fell considerably and disgustingly bad financials for the company was the result. The theory of continuity of business which is the penultimate goal and aim of every organization was missed by dick smith. This does not imply that they wanted the business to shut down. They very much wanted it to continue. What went wrong were their business decisions and actions were inconsistent with the continuity theory. The usefulness theory states that the financial statements should provide information which is useful to the stakeholders and any reader of the financial information (Horngren, 2013). The activities of the company were being recorded in the financial statements and reports of the company. The readers of this information were at the receiving end. It is difficult to believe that the company constantly kept furnishing fabricated statements and that if it did furnish all true information, the stakeholders who had put their money into the business failed to notice the same (William, 2010). So the theory of usefulness of financial information went for a toss. Fabric ation of the financial statements was the major problem and it was done to provide a rosy picture to the shareholders. This in tune kept attracting the shareholders and they were of the opinion that the company was performing effectively (Foye, 2016). The conceptual framework of accounting provides that accounting information should be relevant, reliable, comparable and consistent. Relevance in accounting refers to the quality of information to make a difference to a decision-maker. Reliability means that users of accounting information should be able to count on the accuracy of the information. Standard accounting rules and policies enhances the quality of information (Northington, 2011). Adhering to GAAP each year, following accounting principles and policies and keeping the financial comparable are the pre requisites. Accounting theories operate on four assumptions: the economic entity assumption, the going concern assumption, the monetary unit assumption and the periodicity assumption (Dicksmith Holding, 2015). These were also expected to be followed by Dick Smith. The very theory which was defined by the company was historical cost and matching principle. The matching principle states that the revenue and expenses should be m atching which was far from real for the company. The failure or the collapse of Dicksmith owes to various factors like the competitive nature of the consumer electronics that leads to changes in the pattern of the consumer demand. The store network was larger and hence a higher cost was seen and moreover, it has a strong reliance on the computer market (Foye, 2016). The market share declined because of the drop in sales and since revenue was linked to growth of the store and commercial sales it recorded low margins. Moreover, the expansion plan needed huge financial commitment and this led to utilization of all cash surplus. This needed bank borrowings. On the other hand, there was huge pile up of stocks that were obsolete and not active in nature needing a write-down (Foye, 2016). Theory is very different from practice. The theories which needed to be followed were all deviated from real. From not being able to follow matching principles to being able to follow continuity theory, the company was continuously deviating from all. In such a scenario it is difficult to set standards and compare where the very existence of the company became questionable because of the management (Crane Matten, 2010). There was no link that could be established between theory and practice. The failure of Dicksmith can be cited due to many reasons. The noteworthy among them are inability to get sufficient credit terms that influenced the stock levels, product mix and presentation of the store. Further, the cash flow pressure leads to banking problem that was not remedied. In totality it can be said that there were a string of events that led to a downfall. References Chung, F 2016, DICK Smith had too much crap that it couldnt sell, viewed 31 August 2016 https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/mcgrathnicol-releases-dick-smith-report/news-story/c2897a8cf8023b3f7490b7f16c2781c2 Crane, A., Matten, D 2010, Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the age of globalization, New York: Oxford University press Dicksmith 2015, Dicksmith profile. Viewed 31 August 2016 https://www.dicksmith.com.au/da/ Dicksmith Holding 2015. Dicksmith Holding Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 13 August 2016, https://www.dicksmith.com.au/da/ Foye, B 2016, Dick Smith collapse: what we know and what we don't, viewed 31 August 2016 https://www.crn.com.au/news/dick-smith-collapse-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-416269 Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Group. Lemke, L 2014, Regulation of Investment Advisers, Oxford University Press. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Northington, S 2011, Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's. William, L 2010, Practical Financial Management, South-Western College.

The Main Memory System for a Computer Essay Example

The Main Memory System for a Computer Essay Memory is an important component of any computer. A part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer, memory performs either of short-term or long-term storage functions. At a conceptual level, memory can either refer to the storage devices themselves (hard-drives, DVDs, etc) or to the data/information stored therein. The Random Access Memory (RAM) is the most important for the functioning of a computer, for it is essential for immediate and high-speed computing operations. But RAM has a limitation in terms of its capacity but the access time is very impressive. In contrast, secondary memory devices offer vast storage capacities for information with the trade-off being slow access time. Computer memory devices are mostly made of semiconductor circuits such as Integrated Circuits (ICs). The basic storage unit for semiconductor memory is called a cell which can store a unit of binary information (0 or 1). Cells are in turn part of memory words of lengths such as 1,2,4,8 so on. These words are characterized by two parameters – 1. their physical address within the device and 2. the data that they contain. The main memory of a computer can either be a volatile or non-volatile memory device. RAM is always a volatile memory and so is CPU cache. Whereas more static and long-term data are normally stored in non-volatile memory. Read Only Memory (ROM) and flash memory are good examples of non-volatile memory. Other examples include hard-disks, blu-ray optical discs, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Memory System for a Computer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Memory System for a Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Memory System for a Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order for a computer to function properly, the efficiency with which memory is managed is the key. The Operating System that is installed in the computer has sophisticated systems and procedures at place in dealing with memory. Each operating system (Windows, Linux, Mac, etc) works in its own fashion and has its share of pros and cons. If an Operating System (OS) is inefficient in managing memory it can lead to bugs, which can slow down the overall processing time of tasks. They can also lead to frequent overloads and crashes of user sessions. An inefficient memory management system will make the computer susceptible to malware and viruses as well. With respect to the Operating System’s handling of computer memory, Virtual Memory is part of the set-up. Various applications demand from the OS different memory requirements. The OS creates a virtual memory that dissociates the physical storage location of data from its conceptual processing. The ability of virtual memory to work across storage devices lends it flexibility and adaptability. As technology advances, the speed and capacity of memory devices also grow incrementally. Hence, these days even Personal Computers are enabled to handle complex and simultaneous processing requirements. Far from the primitive text-only basis of computer operations, modern computers play High Definition videos, high-integrity music and are also enabled to play multi-media streams through web-browsers. These impressive features are in large part enabled by vast memory capacity that functions at a rapid pace. But it should be kept in mind that memory in exclusion is of little value. What determines the real utility of memory is the ability of the Operating System and interfacing hardware to efficiently and optimally tap into its capacity. Reference: Arora, Ashok (2006). Foundations of Computer Science. Laxmi Publications. pp. 39–41. ISBN 8170089719 Memory is an important component of any computer. A part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer, memory performs either of short-term or long-term storage functions. At a conceptual level, memory can either refer to the storage devices themselves (hard-drives, DVDs, etc) or to the data/information stored therein. The Random Access Memory (RAM) is the most important for the functioning of a computer, for it is essential for immediate and high-speed computing operations. But RAM has a limitation in terms of its capacity but the access time is very impressive. In contrast, secondary memory devices offer vast storage capacities for information with the trade-off being slow access time. Computer memory devices are mostly made of semiconductor circuits such as Integrated Circuits (ICs). The basic storage unit for semiconductor memory is called a cell which can store a unit of binary information (0 or 1). Cells are in turn part of memory words of lengths such as .